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Aurinko Aarne

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Here are test results for eight geothermal heat pumps. They save between 80 and 64 percent compared to electric heating and the annual heat factor is a maximum of 4.9 and a minimum of 2.8. There are geothermal heat pumps that have four times higher losses than others when heating water for taps and showers.

Photographer: Oskar Lürén

The greatest savings are achieved by geothermal heat pumps in a house with a high energy requirement (34,300 kilowatt hours) and underfloor heating. Five of the geothermal heat pumps then have an annual coefficient of performance (SCOP) of between 4 and 4.9, which means that you as a homeowner get 4 kilowatt hours or more for every kilowatt hour of electricity that the heat pump consumes in operation. The annual coefficient of performance is a measure of the heat pump's efficiency over a whole year. The geothermal heat pumps tested have an output of 9 to 10 kilowatts.

Energy saving and annual heating factor​

The annual heat factor and energy savings are theoretically calculated figures for two houses with different energy needs, 24,200 kilowatt hours and 34,300 kilowatt hours per year for heating and hot water, of which 4,200 kilowatt hours are used to heat hot water in the two houses. The test was carried out for both houses with underfloor heating and houses with radiators. The table shows both how many kilowatt hours the ground source heat pump saves and how much the saving is in percent. The test was carried out according to a new European standard and applies to a cold climate, with an annual average temperature of plus six degrees, which corresponds to the climate in Helsinki. The energy savings are calculated compared to if you were to heat the house and hot water with electricity; the higher the annual heat factor, the more efficient the ground source heat pump. Household electricity is not included in this figure.
Just compare the figures for the energy demand and the distribution system that best suits your house.

House with low energy requirements and underfloor heating​

For a house with an energy requirement of 24,200 kilowatt hours per year and underfloor heating, the Viessmann Vitocal 343-G saves 18,800 kilowatt hours per year, 78 percent. The annual heat transfer coefficient is 4.5, which means that it provides four and a half times more heat than the electricity it consumes for its operation. Nibe F1245-10 and Thermia Diplomat Optimum G3 10 save 18,600 kilowatt hours per year, 77 percent, in the same house, and the annual heat transfer coefficient is 4.3. IVT Premium Line EQ C10 saves 18,200 kilowatt hours per year, 75 percent, and has an annual heat transfer coefficient of 4.0. The EviHeat GeoSun 1 10 ground source heat pump saves 17,900 kilowatt hours, 74 percent, and the CTC EcoHeat 310 saves 17,500 kilowatt hours, 72 percent. The annual heat transfer coefficient for these ground source heat pumps is 3.8 and 3.6 respectively. The Thorén Thor 10 saves 17,200 kilowatt hours per year, 71 percent, and the annual heat transfer coefficient is 3.3. The Bosch Compress EHP 11 LWM saves 16,600 kilowatt hours per year, 69 percent, and it has an annual heat transfer coefficient of 3.2.

Low energy house with radiators​

If you have a house with an energy requirement of 24,200 kilowatt hours, and where the heat is distributed via radiators, the energy savings and the annual heat factor for all ground source heat pumps will decrease. The Nibe F1245-10 saves the most energy with 17,700 kilowatt hours per year, 73 percent, and an annual heat factor of 3.7, followed by the Viessmann Vitocal 343-G which saves 17,300, 71 percent and has an annual heat factor of 3.5. Other tested models save 17,100 down to 15,400 kilowatt hours per year and have an annual heat factor from 3.4 to 2.8.
The energy savings are calculated compared to if you were to heat the house and hot water with electricity; the higher the annual heating factor, the more efficient the ground source heat pump.

Why is the annual heating factor lower in houses with low energy requirements?​

In general, in this test, the annual heat factor is slightly lower for the heat pumps in houses with low energy requirements compared to houses with higher energy requirements. This is because the effect of the heat pumps is the same for both houses and that the heat pumps are unnecessarily large (oversized) for a house with low energy requirements, in addition, the investment cost is unnecessarily high. The difference between the different houses is smaller for the EviHeat GeoSun 1 10 heat pump, which has slightly lower effect than the other tested models. This shows that it is important to get help from the installer to adapt the effect of the heat pump to the house's effect requirements so that the system is as efficient as possible and so that you save as much as possible.
The heat pump should have neither too high nor too low output in relation to the need. The tested ground source heat pumps have an output size of 9 to 10 kilowatts.

House with high energy requirements and underfloor heating​

For houses with higher energy requirements, 34,300 kilowatt hours and underfloor heating, the test shows that the Viessmann Vitocal 343-G ground source heat pump saves 27,300 kilowatt hours per year, 80 percent, closely followed by the Thermia Diplomat Optimum G3 10 which saves 79 percent and the Nibe F1245-10 and IVT Premium Line EQ C10 which saves 77 percent. These four ground source heat pumps have an annual heat transfer coefficient from 4.9 to 4.4. The EviHeat GeoSun 1 10 saves 25,700 kilowatt hours per year, 75 percent, and has an annual heat transfer coefficient of 4.0. In this test, the CTC EcoHeat 310 has an annual heat transfer coefficient just below 4.0, followed by the Thorén Thor 10 with an annual heat transfer coefficient of 3.7 and the Bosch Compress EHP 11 LWM which has 3.5. They save from 25,500 down to 24,500 kilowatt hours per year, a savings of 74 to 71 percent.

Houses with high energy needs and radiators​

If you have a house with an energy requirement of 34,300 kilowatt hours and radiators, the Nibe F1245-10 and Viessmann Vitocal 343-G, 25,400 and 25,300 kilowatt hours respectively, save 74 percent, and they have an annual heat transfer factor of 3.9 and 3.8 respectively. Closely followed by the IVT Premium Line EQ C10 and Thermia Diplomat Optimum G3 10 which save 24,800 kilowatt hours per year, 72 percent, with an annual heat transfer factor of 3.6. Other tested models save from 24,500 to 22,900 kilowatt hours per year, which corresponds to a saving of 71 to 67 percent. The annual heat transfer factor for these ground source heat pumps is from 3.5 to 3.0.
The energy savings are calculated compared to if you were to heat the house and hot water with electricity, the higher the annual heat factor, the more efficient the ground source heat pump. The annual heat factor applies to a cold climate, which corresponds to the average annual temperature in Helsinki.

Big differences in losses for getting hot water​

There are ground source heat pumps that have up to four times higher losses than other tested models when it comes to producing hot water for taps and showers. At most, there is a difference of 790 kilowatt hours per year in losses between the tested ground source heat pumps. This is sometimes called idle losses and is the electrical energy used to keep the tap water hot when no one is flushing the taps and showers.

Wasted heat to get hot water​

The CTC EcoHeat 310 has the highest losses, with 1,050 kilowatt hours per year wasted to maintain the temperature of the hot water. The Bosch Compress EHP 11 LWM and Thorén Thor 10 also have high losses, with 920 and 700 kilowatt hours per year respectively. Future requirements for ecodesign and energy labelling may mean that heat pumps must declare losses during hot water preparation and, in the long term, reduce these.

It is possible to produce hot water with low losses​

The Viessmann Vitocal 343-G has the lowest losses in this test with 260 kilowatt hours per year, closely followed by the Thermia Diplomat Optimum G3 10, with 290 kilowatt hours. The lower losses are due, among other things, to the fact that the water heaters are well insulated.
This test is carried out according to a new international standard that includes several small tapping cycles during a day. Previously, ground source heat pumps were tested so that all water was drained at one time per day. The new standard for testing is intended to better reflect normal use.

Heat factor for water heater efficiency​

The test also includes the heat factor, which shows how efficiently the heat pump produces hot water for taps and showers when the house does not need to be heated. Here, the heat factor varies from a minimum of 1.4 up to 2.7 for the tested models. The heat factor is largely affected by the extent of the losses.

The temperature and volume determine how much water you get.​

The temperature of the hot water has been measured and the hotter the water the heat pump produces and the larger the volume of the hot water heater, the more 40-degree water you can get out. This has been measured with the manufacturer's factory settings and without any additional electricity. Nibe produces the most hot water with 258 liters. Thermia Diplomat Optimum G3 10 and Viessmann provide 240 liters. Closely followed by Thorén Thor 10 which has a separate hot water heater for its heat pump, which is not built-in, it provides 230 liters and Bosch Compress EHP 11 LWM produces 227 liters of water. This is good for you to know if you need a lot of hot water, if there are teenagers in the family, for example. Thermia Diplomat Optimum G3 10 has a higher temperature of the hot water when the geothermal heat pump is also heating the house, which means that it is then possible to get out even more 40-degree water. The least hot water produced in this test is Eviheat GeoSun 1 10 with 188 liters and IVT EQ C10 with 190 liters of water for taps and showers.

Power and heat capacity under certain conditions​

The table also shows the power of the geothermal heat pumps in kilowatts and the coefficient of performance at different temperatures of the water that goes to the underfloor heating or to the radiators. These figures only show the power and the coefficient of performance under a certain condition, that is, when it is zero degrees in the bedrock and, for example, 35 degrees in the water that goes to the underfloor heating or to the radiators. These figures are sometimes highlighted by manufacturers in their marketing, but they should not be confused with the annual coefficient of performance, which shows the efficiency over a whole year and is often abbreviated SCOP after the English designation.

The temperature in the borehole affects efficiency​

In the borehole, also known as the energy well, there is a so-called collector tube filled with water and antifreeze. The liquid circulates between the heat pump and the energy well and utilizes the heat stored in the rock.
The table shows the efficiency of the heat pump at zero degrees and minus five degrees in the collector tube. In both cases, the temperature to the radiators is 55 degrees. For all ground source heat pumps, the efficiency drops by about ten percent when it is minus five degrees in the collector tube compared to when it is zero degrees. Most have a heat factor of 2.7 when it is minus five degrees. The temperature in the borehole varies between different parts of the country and between summer and winter and also depends on how well the installer has dimensioned the borehole.

Audible difference in sound power level​

Noise is the heat pump's sound power level in decibels, measured according to international standards. The sound power level has been measured with three different temperatures of water to the radiators, 35, 45 and 55 degrees Celsius. For some heat pumps, a range is specified, meaning that the heat pump was noisier at 35 degrees than at 55 degrees.
The lowest sound power level is the Viessmann Vitocal 343-G with 41 decibels, followed by the Bosch Compress EHP 11 LWM with 46 decibels and the CTC EcoHeat 310. The highest sound power level is the IVT with 53 decibels and the Thorén with 52 decibels. The difference in sound power level between the models with the lowest and highest values in the test is twelve decibels, which is a clear audible difference.
Humans perceive an increase of 10 dB(A) as a doubling of the sound. If the heat pump is to be placed close to areas that are used a lot, such as bedrooms and living rooms, the sound power level can be important. Vibration noise from the pump to the radiator system and from the foundation or floor can easily propagate if the installation is not done correctly.

Most displays are easy to use​

The test also included assessing the geothermal heat pump's display, button panel and operating instructions. This is shown in the table as user-friendliness. The geothermal heat pumps are controlled and regulated via a display that increasingly supplements the operating instructions. The review shows that most geothermal heat pumps have good displays with clear symbols and that it is easy to navigate and find the desired information. The most common method of navigation is still using buttons, but CTC and Thorén have touchscreens.

Extra fan to spread heat in the basement​

When you replace an old boiler, the basement can become cold and damp. Thorén Thor 10 has an extra heat exchanger with a fan that spreads heat in the basement, where the ground source heat pump is located. This fan starts at the same time as the compressor. Two air ducts can be connected to the heat pump, one for return air and one for supply air so that the warm air can also be spread to other parts of the house. The supplied warm air is included in the annual heating factor specified for the ground source heat pump Thor 10, from Thorén.

One Nordic Ecolabelled and one prepared for solar heating​

The IVT Premium Line EQ C10 ground source heat pump is the only heat pump in this test that is labeled with the Nordic eco-label, the Swan, and the EviHeat GeoSun 1 10 is prepared to be connected to a solar heating system, which was not included in the test.

Upcoming requirements for ecodesign and energy labeling​

Work is underway at EU level to develop ecodesign requirements and mandatory energy labelling for geothermal heat pumps. Ecodesign will, among other things, be able to set requirements for energy efficiency and noise levels. When these requirements come into force, only heat pumps that meet the requirements will be allowed to be sold. According to the energy labelling proposal, heat pumps will be labelled with an energy class that shows how efficient they are, both for heating and for producing hot water for taps and showers. This will make it easier for consumers to choose a heat pump.
 
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pröö

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oisko kanssa vaikutus kuluttaako 24000kw vai 36000kw jolloin kuumankäyttöveden osuus lisääntyy ja hyötysuhde huononee kai se selittää että patteri tönö ois tehokkaampi
 
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